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Does Exposure to Other Ethnic Regions Promote National Integration? : Evidence from Nigeria
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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This paper examines how temporary migration to a different ethnic region affects national integration. It uses original survey data from individuals who were randomly exposed to different ethnic regions of Nigeria during their mandatory national service, the largest program of its kind in Africa. Comparing participants who served in a state where they are the ethnic majority to those who served in a state where they are not indicates two concurrent effects. First, interethnic exposure creates a stronger connection to the country as a whole: exposed participants have greater national pride and more positive attitudes about Nigeria, they are more knowledgeable about other parts of the country, and they are four times as likely to be living outside their ethnic region seven years later. Second, consistent with social identity theory, immersion in a different ethnic region highlights distinctions between groups and reinforces participants' connection to their ethnic group: exposed participants have more positive attitudes toward their own ethnic group, but not others, and are more likely to have all their closest friends from their ethnic group.


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Mobile Entrepreneurs : An Ethnographic Study of the Migration of the Highly Skilled
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ISBN: 3863887905 3863883608 Year: 2018 Publisher: Leverkusen Budrich UniPress

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Migration, mobility, and globalization are transforming ways of working and living. Business activities, relationships and a sense of belonging are often not tied to any one place. This book explores biographies of highly mobile startup founders who often run startups that have been called "born global". It describes how they move, how they orientate and perceive themselves, and how migration and mobility play a role beyond the physical act of 'moving'. Presenting current ethnographic research, the book critically discusses approaches in migration and mobility studies and the research field of the "migration of the highly skilled".


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Strangers and Neighbours : Rural Migration in Eighteenth-Century Northern Burgundy
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ISBN: 9781442650480 1442650486 9781442623897 1442623896 144262390X Year: 2018 Publisher: Toronto : University of Toronto Press,

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In this book, Hayhoe paints a picture of a surprisingly mobile and dynamic Burgundian rural population.


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The Impact of Positive Agricultural Income Shocks on Rural Chinese Households
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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In the post-collectivization period, rural Chinese households were required to sell part of their grain output to the state at a below-market price; however, increases in this quota price beginning in 1993 generated substantial positive income shocks. These income shocks also varied cross-sectionally in accordance with crop composition given that quotas were systematically larger for rice-producing households, generating a quasi-random source of variation in the size of the shock driven by climatic variation in suitability for rice cultivation. Households induced to experience relatively larger income shocks show evidence of decreased agricultural investment, increased investment in non-agricultural businesses, and increased migration as households gain increased income, consistent with the hypothesis that credit constraints may have constrained some households from entering non-agricultural production ex ante. In addition, there is evidence that these households were concentrated among households who had not previously diversified out of agriculture.


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La terre d’en face : La transmigration en Indonésie
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ISBN: 2709925087 Year: 2018 Publisher: Marseille : IRD Éditions,

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Engagée en 1905 par le colonisateur néerlandais, la transmigration en Indonésie constitue à l’heure actuelle le plus grand programme de colonisation agricole dirigée jamais entrepris par un État. En voulant corriger l’important déséquilibre démographique au sein de l’archipel, la transmigration poursuit un double objectif de politique sociale dans les « îles intérieures » (Java, Madura, Bali) et de politique de développement dans les « îles extérieures » (Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Irian Jaya). Depuis ses débuts, le programme est passé par des phases d’euphorie et de déception, de louanges et de critiques, et il a connu autant de réussites que d’échecs. Ces derniers sont habituellement imputés au manque de moyens, à l’insuffisante sélection des sites et des migrants, à la mauvaise préparation des projets et aux multiples dysfonctionnements au sein des ministères impliqués. L’auteur montre que les difficultés de la transmigration proviennent moins de problèmes de mise en œuvre que d’une conception inadaptée dès le départ. Les échecs sont dus à une perception erronée de l’évolution du paysannat javanais face à la croissance démographique, à des préjugés tenaces envers les populations et le milieu des îles périphériques et, surtout, à une politique exclusivement agraire de développement. Dernier avatar de l’expansion des royaumes agraires javanais, la transmigration ne se comprend que par référence à une vision particulière du monde et du pouvoir.


Book
India's Internal Labor Migration Paradox : The Statistical and the Real
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : The World Bank,

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Internal labor migration rates in India have been largely static and low in recent times compared with those in other countries. This is a cause for concern because internal migration for economic reasons can promote the agglomeration of economic activity in more productive locations and directly contribute to reducing poverty through remittances. New evidence based on the India Human Development Survey, which provides a more recent source of data compared with the Census and other household surveys, shows that labor mobility is higher than previously estimated-the stock of labor migrants increased from 16 million in 2004-05 to 60 million in 2011-12. The absolute number of circular migrants, at more than 200 million in 2011-12, is also much higher than previously documented estimates. Tracking the same households between 2004-05 and 2011-12, empirical analysis based on the India Human Development Survey highlights several socioeconomic factors associated with the migration decision: household income, the availability of information, as well as community networks in source and destination areas. There is also a possible administrative dimension to interstate migration barriers, owing to domicile provisions for work and study, lack of portability of social benefits, and legal and other entitlements upon relocation.


Book
Crisis, Identity and Migration in Post-Colonial Southern Africa
Authors: --- --- --- ---
ISBN: 3319592343 3319592351 Year: 2018 Publisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer,

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This book offers a socio-historical analysis of migration and the possibilities of regional integration in Southern Africa. It examines both the historical roots of and contemporary challenges regarding the social, economic, and geo-political causes of migration and its consequences (i.e. xenophobia) to illustrate how ‘diaspora’ migrations have shaped a sense of identity, citizenry, and belonging in the region.  By discussing immigration policies and processes and highlighting how the struggle for belonging is mediated by new pressures concerning economic security, social inequality, and globalist challenges, the book develops policy responses to the challenge of social and economic exclusion, as well as xenophobic violence, in Southern Africa.  This timely and highly informative book will appeal to all scholars, activists, and policy-makers looking to revisit migration policies and realign them with current globalization and regional integration trends.

Trajectoires familiales et espaces de vie en milieu urbain

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L'étude des contextes d'habitat et des itinéraires résidentiels permet-elle de mieux comprendre ce qui se joue dans la vie du groupe domestique, dans les relations avec la parentèle et dans les rapports entre les générations ? Dans quelle mesure le logement et l'inscription dans des territoires sont-ils révélateurs de dynamiques familiales ? Réciproquement, quels effets ces dynamiques exercent-elles sur la localisation des ménages, sur la physionomie des quartiers, sur la vie des différents lieux de la ville ? Comment les mobilités choisies, subies ou projetées par les familles interfèrent-elles avec le jeu du marché immobilier et la mise en œuvre des politiques urbaines ? En quoi l'analyse des trajectoires familiales enrichit-elle notre connaissance des rapports que les citadins entretiennent avec leur habitat, des usages qu'ils font de la ville, et des modalités selon lesquelles s'organise leur coexistence avec d'autres citadins ? Les textes rassemblés dans ce volume se situent au croisement de ces différentes questions. Ils émanent de sociologues, de démographes, d'historiens et de géographes qui avaient été invités à confronter leurs travaux à l'occasion d'un colloque international organisé par le Centre Jacques Cartier.


Book
Toward a Cosmopolitan Ethics of Mobility : The Migrant's-Eye View of the World
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ISBN: 3319657593 3319657585 Year: 2018 Publisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan,

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This book proposes a cosmopolitan ethics that calls for analyzing how economic and political structures limit opportunities for different groups, distinguished by gender, race, and class. The author explores the implications of criticisms from the social sciences of Eurocentrism and of methodological nationalism for normative theories of mobility. These criticisms lend support to a cosmopolitan social science that rejects a principled distinction between international mobility and mobility within states and cities. This work has interdisciplinary appeal, integrating the social sciences, political philosophy, and political theory. Alexander Sager is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Portland State University, USA.


Book
The genesis of international mass migration : The British case, 1750-1900
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ISBN: 1526131498 9781526131492 9781526131508 1526131501 9781526131485 152613148X Year: 2018 Publisher: Manchester : Baltimore, Md. : Manchester University Press, Project MUSE,

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Why did very large numbers of people begin to depart the British Isles for the New Worlds after about 1770? They were the vanguard of mass economic migration, the carriers of new global labour forces, agents of dispossession and settlement, of family dreams, of individual aspirations, of imperial strategies. But it was new in scale, and it was a pioneering movement, a rehearsal for modern international migration. These first mass inter-continental stirrings began most of all in the British Isles. What activated these great exchanges of humanity, the precursors of so much modern population transfer and turmoil around the globe? This is a question in the middle of most genealogies and central to the making of the modern world.

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